ANALYZING AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES: A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF CONVENTIONAL AND ORGANIC FARMING SYSTEMS IN SIKKIM

Abstract

The study investigates the agricultural landscape in Sikkim by conducting a comparative analysis between conventional and organic farming systems. With agriculture serving as the primary source of livelihood for Sikkim's rural population, challenges like soil acidity, moisture issues, and climatic factors impede significant agricultural growth. Despite attempts to integrate modern technology, these challenges persist, leading to reduced crop yields. Organic farming emerged as a response to the environmental impacts associated with industrialized agriculture. In Sikkim, a transition to organic farming began over a decade ago, aiming to cultivate high-demand crops without chemical inputs. However, farmer reluctance, stemming from delayed benefits compared to conventional methods, poses a challenge to widespread adoption.

This paper reviews existing literature comparing organic and conventional farming globally, shedding light on yield differentials, economic profitability, constraints, and socio-economic implications. It explores Sikkim's specific context, detailing the state's organic farming initiatives, land use changes, crop productivity disparities, and the impact on food security and the local economy. The research underscores the significance of transitioning to organic farming, highlighting its potential economic viability, environmental sustainability, and positive impact on livelihoods. Moreover, it identifies the need for enhanced training, infrastructure development, and marketing support to facilitate this shift, ensuring the sustainability of agricultural practices in rural Sikkim.